ABSTRACT
Aim: This study aimed to discover the most effective anti-cancer medicine for cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Background: The correlation between TP53 and SARS-CoV-2 was examined using biomolecular networking analysis. Objective: Cancer patients with TP53 gene mutations are more likely to be infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus since it is the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene in human cancer. The main goal of this study is to discover the most effective and efficient anti-cancer therapy for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and Methods: Topp gene analysis was used to prioritize candidate genes based on molecular function, biological process, and pathway analysis. Biomolecular networking was carried out using Cytoscape 2.8.2. The protein-protein interaction network was used to identify the functionally associated proteins. The protein-drug interaction network was used to observe the molecular therapeutic efficiency of drugs. The network was further analyzed using CytoHubba to find the hub nodes. The molecular docking was used to study the protein-ligand interaction, and the protein-ligand complex was further evaluated through molecular dynamic simulation to determine its stability. Results: Functionally relevant genes were prioritized through Toppgene analysis. Using Cytohabba, it was found that the genes UBE2N, BRCA1, BARD1, TP53, and DPP4 had a high degree and centrality score. The drugs 5-fluorouracil, Methotrexate, Temozolomide, Favipiravir, and Levofloxacin have a substantial association with the hub protein, according to protein-drug interaction analysis. Finally, a docking study revealed that 5-fluorouracil has the highest connection value and stability compared to Methotrexate, Favipiravir, and Levofloxacin. Conclusion: The biomolecular networking study was used to discover the link between TP53 and SARS-CoV-2, and it was found that 5-fluorouracil had a higher affinity for binding to TP53 and its related genes, such as UBE2N, BRCA1, RARD1, and SARS-CoV-2 specific DPP4. For cancer patients with TP53 gene mutations and Covid-19 infection, this treatment is determined to be the most effective. © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been implicated in a variety of vulnerable bacterial and fungal diseases. Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection caused by fungi belonging to the class Zygomycetes and the order Mucorales. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the level of serum ferritin level in mucormycosis patients and to prognosticate them based on those values. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Government Hospital, Tiruchirappalli, in 50 diagnosed mucormycosis patients. RESULTS: During the study period, 44 had prior COVID-19 illness (post-COVID). Six patients had mucormycosis with no prior COVID-19 illness. Rhino-orbital involvement was found in 44 of the 50 cases, with three of them having cerebral extension. Forty-one cases recovered and were discharged, six cases remained sick and were hospitalized, and three died. The post-COVID patients (554.13 ± 371.60) have greater serum ferritin levels than non-COVID patients (259.95 ± 110.15), which are statistically significant. Conclusion: Mucormycosis patients tend to have higher serum ferritin values, especially among non-survivors and sick patients than survivors. For a better chance of recovery and survival, early identification, surgical debridement, and antifungal medications are essential.
ABSTRACT
Brackishwater aquaculture sector is dominated by the exotic vannamei shrimp farming, which is the economic engine of Indian aquaculture. In 2019-20, exports of 12,89,651 t of Indian marine products fetched foreign exchange worth 246,662.85 crores and farmed shrimps accounted for about two-thirds of the shrimps exported. Shrimp farming is export oriented and market price often fluctuates widely impacting the profitability significantly. We conducted this study to estimate technical efficiency of the shrimp farmers in Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh which tops in shrimp aquaculture in the country. The data were collected through structured questionnaire using personal interview from 80 farmers during COVID 2020 pandemic period. The farm specific technical efficiency varied from 75 to 94% with a mean of 93%. The estimates of the discrepancy parameter ?? indicated that 93% of the difference between the maximum possible output and actual output were due to differences in technical inefficiencies of farmers. Feed and labour are the significant variables compared to other variables. The results indicated that farmers need to be encouraged to apply more feed to increase shrimp production.
ABSTRACT
Electronic cigarette, or vaping, products are used to heat an e-liquid to form an aerosol (liquid droplets suspended in gas) that the user inhales; a portion of this aerosol deposits in their respiratory tract and the remainder is exhaled, thereby potentially creating opportunity for secondhand exposure to bystanders (e.g., in homes, automobiles, and workplaces). Particle size, a critical factor in respiratory deposition (and therefore potential for secondhand exposure), could be influenced by e-liquid composition. Hence, the purposes of this study were to (1) test the influence of laboratory-prepared e-liquid composition [ratio of propylene glycol (PG) to vegetable glycerin (VG) humectants, nicotine, and flavorings] on particle size distribution and (2) model respiratory dosimetry. All e-liquids were aerosolized using a second-generation reference e-cigarette. We measured particle size distribution based on mass using a low-flow cascade impactor (LFCI) and size distribution based on number using real-time mobility sizers. Mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) of aerosol from e-liquids that contained only humectants were significantly larger compared with e-liquids that contained flavorings or nicotine (p = 0.005). Humectant ratio significantly influenced MMADs; all aerosols from e-liquids prepared with 70:30 PG:VG were significantly larger compared with e-liquids prepared with 30:70 PG:VG (p = 0.017). In contrast to the LFCI approach, the high dilution and sampling flow rate of a fast mobility particle sizer strongly influenced particle size measurements (i.e., all calculated MMAD values were < 75 nm). Dosimetry modeling using LFCI data indicated that a portion of inhaled particles will deposit throughout the respiratory tract, though statistical differences in aerosol MMADs among e-liquid formulations did not translate into large differences in deposition estimates. A portion of inhaled aerosol will be exhaled and could be a source for secondhand exposure. Use of laboratory-prepared e-liquids and a reference e-cigarette to standardize aerosol generation and a LFCI to measure particle size distribution without dilution represents an improved method to characterize physical properties of volatile aerosol particles and permitted determination of MMAD values more representative of e-cigarette aerosol in situ, which in turn, can help to improve dose modeling for users and bystanders.